This design is useful to interface a number of push-button switches with a single analog input pin on a microcontroller such as the Arduino. It's different from the many digital multiplexer or shift-register schemes that are used with microcontrollers, because it's analog, uses just a few resistors, and connects to an analog input pin. The usual methods require an additional chip, usually either a multiplexer or a parallel-in shift register. The analog method has the limitation that you can't detect multiple, simultaneous button presses. But that doesn't make it useless — in fact, many personal stereos (Mini-disk and MP3) use this method to connect the playback controls to the stereo.
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